At the Minds Limit by Jean Amery Book Report - 2302 Words

Joseph Chaput Book Report I At The Mind’s Limit: Contemplations by a Survivor on Auschwitz and its Realities By Jean Amery â€Å"At The Mind’s Limit† is a series of essays written by Jean Amery, a German born Jew who survived the holocaust, who gives the reader a very interesting perspective into the mind of a persecuted Jew from 1935 forward. Amery does not consider himself a religious Jew or one who follows any Jewish traditions. In fact, he did not know that Yiddish was a language until he was 18. So Amery describes the events leading up to and following the holocaust through the eyes of an â€Å"intellectual† and tries to find out whether being an â€Å"intellectual† helped or hindered his mental and spiritual capacity as he experienced†¦show more content†¦It was challenging to try to find security in being a part of the Jewish community when there was not only the fear of persecution but also sometimes a lack of enthusiasm for other Jews to try and come together when they were faced with their own problems. These people who were not only cast o ut of their homeland, but also had to hide their cultural background in order to survive, truly know what it means to be homeless. They were not well received in the countries they immigrated to neither by native Jews nor non-Jews. They did not feel help from anyone in the world and therefore felt no sense of security. Amery says that â€Å"Genuine homesickness† was when he looked back at his life before any of this had happened and felt self-contempt and his hatred for his loss of self. These emotions are intensified when â€Å"Traditional homesickness† or nostalgia for the way things were kicks in, causing Amery to hate himself more for wanted to be back in the land that turned against him. He goes on to claim that people need a sense of home, and that without a sense of home people age very poorly. He says that young men are always seeing themselves as men of the future, while old men see themselves as what they were in the past. One grows with his â€Å"home † and needs that growth in order to look back on his life and be satisfied with being a man of the past. The fifth section, Resentment, discusses

Effect Of Forced Swim Stress Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

string(90) " the unfastened field trial is a square enclosure \( 1 m by 1 m \) made of black Perspex\." Introduction: Stress is an of import factor of depression that causes the alterations in assorted organic structure systems. The forced swim trial is a normally used stressor trial where rats are forced to swim in specially constructed armored combat vehicles for a peculiar period where there is behavioural activation characterized by vigorous swimming and diving to seek for alternate paths of flight. Animal wellness including homo has been shown to be affected by the nerve-racking events of life bring oning state of affairs which alters knowledge, larning memory and emotional responses, doing mental upsets like depression and anxiousness and emphasis in rats. We will write a custom essay sample on Effect Of Forced Swim Stress Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Methods: The experiment was carried out with 12 healthy albino Wistar female rats weighing about 150-180gms. The animate beings were indiscriminately divided into two groups of six animate beings each. Group – I ( control ) , Group – II ( Stressed Group ) . Group -II rats are placed in fictile armored combat vehicles for 45minutes ( between 9.00 AM – 11.00AM for15 yearss / L-100cm, W-40cm, D-60cm ) deepness of H2O in the armored combat vehicle is -30cm. Temperature of H2O was maintained at 20EsC. During stress stage, the animate beings will be trained for forced swim trial, behavioural alterations observed by unfastened field setup for emotions, and eight arm labyrinth for memory A ; propensity, elevated plus labyrinth for anxiousness. Consequences: Forced swim emphasis causes to a important alteration ( P lt ; 0.05 ) on cognitive maps: motive, larning and memory. Forced swim emphasis is the factor damaging the hippocampus causes repeated immobilisation and bring forth wasting of dendrites of pyramidic nerve cells and neuroendocrinological perturbations, controlled by the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis ( HPA ) . Repeated emphasis in the signifier of forced swimming activates the free extremist procedures taking to an addition in lipid peroxidation in many tissues. Decision: This survey reveals the consequence of repeated forced swim emphasis causes broad scope of adaptative alterations in the cardinal nervous system including the lift of 5-hydroxytryptamine ( 5-HT ) metamorphosis and an increased susceptibleness to affectional upsets. The earlier findings have reported that chronic and acute emphasis processs weaken working memory maps in rats. There are really few surveies on bomber ague forced swim emphasis on working memory position of the animate being. The survey was undertaken to measure the assorted behavioural alterations by using sub ague forced swim. Cardinal Wordss: Forced swim emphasis, knowledge, behavioural alterations and unfastened field setup. Introduction Nerve-racking state of affairss induce physiological and behavioural alterations in an being to keep the homeostasis. Exposure to nerve-racking state of affairss is among the most common human experiences. In response to stressors, a series of behavioural, neurochemical, and immunological alterations occur that ought to function in an adaptative capacity [ 1 ] . Swiming in little research lab animate beings has been widely used for analyzing the physiological alterations and the capacity of the being in response to emphasize [ 2 ] . Swimming is non ever a simple exercising emphasis, because emotional factors are hard to be eliminated [ 3 ] . The forced swimming emphasis developed by Porsolt et Al. ( 1977 ) has now become widely recognized theoretical account for analyzing physical emphasis in animate beings. Water temperature is another of import factor in forced swimming trial. By changing the H2O temperature, Richter ( 1957 ) found that rats could last every bit long as 80 hours in tepid H2O ( 36AÂ ° C ) . Increasing or diminishing the H2O temperature above or below this point influences the overall behaviour of the animate being and changes the engagement of glucocorticoids [ 4 ] . The transition of O during normal metamorphosis to the by-products, H peroxide, Super oxide and hydroxyl extremist occurs by consecutive negatron add-ons to oxygen [ 5 ] . Toxic free groups have been implicated as of import pathological factors in cardiovascular diseases, pneumonic upsets, autoimmune diseases, malignant neoplastic disease, metabolic upsets, and aging [ 6 ] . However, swimming has besides been used to arouse emphasis responses in rats [ 7 ] . This emphasis is normally elicited by an ague forced swim session of between a few proceedingss to half an hr [ 8 ] . Psychological emphasis ( e.g. pes daze, forced swim trial ) raises degrees of corticosterone in the rat [ 9 ] . Which in bend leads to physiological alterations that include increased myocardial infarct size [ 10 ] Increased memory loss and knowledge [ 11, 12 ] . Therefore we set out to find whether forced swim preparation had an consequence on corticosterone degrees or elicited a alteration in behaviour of rats in the unfastened field. Materials and Methods: Animal theoretical account: Adult female Wistar rats weighing between 150-250 g were divided into two groups as Control ( n =12 ) and Stress ( n =12 ) . All the rats were given standard rat Zhou and tap H2O adlibitum and were housed at 25 AÂ ± 2 o C on a 12-hour dark/light rhythm. All the experimental processs were approved by the IAEC ( Institutional Animal Ethics Committee ) adequate steps were taken to minimise hurting or uncomfortableness. Stress processs: Rats were exposed to forced swimming stress day-to-day for continuance of 45 proceedingss between 09.00AM to11.00AM until 21 yearss. They were forced to swim in fictile armored combat vehicles ( length 100cm, width 40 centimeter, depth 60 centimeter ) incorporating tap H2O maintained at a temperature of 20AÂ ° C. The deepness of H2O in the armored combat vehicle was 30 centimeter. A upper limit of two rats were allowed to swim together during emphasis session. The control rats were housed under the same conditions and they were handled every bit frequently the stressed group. Behavioral surveies: Open-field setup ( OFT ) The unfastened field trial is a common step of exploratory behaviour both qualitatively and quantitatively. Each rat was placed in the unfastened field for 5 proceedingss to prove for differences in anxious-like behavior and activity. This was done 24 hours after the last turn of swimming exercising. The unfastened field trial is designed to mensurate behavioral responses such as locomotor activity, hyperactivity, and explorative behavior. The unfastened field is besides used as a step of anxiousness. Rats tend to avoid brilliantly illuminated, fresh, unfastened infinites. The setup for the unfastened field trial is a square enclosure ( 1 m by 1 m ) made of black Perspex. You read "Effect Of Forced Swim Stress Health And Social Care Essay" in category "Essay examples" To analyse exploratory and locomotor activities as an indicant of emphasis in the rat, animate beings were placed in the left rear quarter-circle of an unfastened field. The figure of line crossings and the entire dista nce covered by the rat were measured over 5 proceedingss. These are classical steps of locomotor and explorative activities. The more clip the rat spends in the interior zone of the unfastened field, and the more explorative the rat is, the less stressed it is perceived to be. Procedure: Each rat was placed separately in a corner of the field and its behavior recorded for 5 proceedingss. All activity was recorded utilizing a picture camera mounted above the unfastened field and scored subsequently by an advanced motion-recognition package bundle ( Noldus Ethovision version 3.1 package ) that detects and analyzes the motions of the rat. The video image of the unfastened field sphere was partitioned into 36 equal-size squares ; 24 boundary line squares and 12 Centre zone squares. Entire distance, mean velocity, and clip spent in assorted parts of the field ( e.g. the boundary line countries vs. the unfastened, in-between country ) were measured and analyzed. Testing was carried out in a temperature, noise and visible radiation controlled room. During the trial process silence was maintained in the trial room. The behavioral trials were performed from 1-1:30 pm day-to-day to guarantee that normal day-to-day fluctuations in corticosterone, circadian beat and activity did non impact the consequences. The rats were placed in a coop in the testing room an hr before the trial in order for them to acclimatise to the new environment. The unfastened field was cleaned with 70 % ethyl alcohol after each rat had been tested. Each rat was tested separately and in a separate trial room. Throughout the full testing-session, the sequence of events and processs was ever the same and the trial fortunes ( managing, room-features, equipment used ) were as standardised and controlled as possible. The full trial process lasted approx. 20 proceedingss per animate being, and was recorded on videotape to let analysis at a ulterior clip. Elevated plus-maze setup ( EPM ) : Elevated plus-maze is the simplest setup to analyze anxiolytic response of about all type of anti anxiousness agents. Exposure of the animate beings to novel maze back street evokes an attack turning away struggle which is stronger in unfastened arm as compared to enclosed arm. Rodents ( rats and mice ) have antipathy for high and unfastened infinite and prefer enclosed arm and, hence, spend greater sum of clip in enclosed arm. When animate beings enter unfastened arm, they freeze, become immobile, defecate and demo fear-like motions. The plasma hydrocortisone degree is besides reported to be increased, as a true contemplation of anxiousness ( Kulkarni et al. , 2009 ) . The elevated plus-maze was somewhat modified from that used by Lister ( Lister et al. , 1987 ) . Briefly, it consisted of two unfastened weaponries ( 30 cmA-5cmA-0.25 centimeter ) and two enclosed weaponries ( 30 cmA- 5cmA- 15 centimeter ) , widening from a cardinal platform ( 5 cmA- 5 centimeter ) and raised 50 centimeters above floor degree. The maze floor was constructed from black Plexiglas and the walls from clear Plexiglas. The conventional spatial-temporal steps recorded were the figure of entries ( all four paws on unfastened or enclosed weaponries and expressed as per centum of entire entries ) , the clip spent on unfastened weaponries ( expressed as per centum of clip spent on closed plus unfastened weaponries ) , figure of entries on enclosed weaponries and the clip on the cardinal platform. Ethologically derived steps were preparing, rise uping, as an emotionally related parametric quantity. A selective addition in the parametric quantities of geographic expedition of the unfastened weaponries of the labyrinth reveals an anxiolytic consequence ( Rodgers et al. , 1992 ; Pellow et al. , 1985 ) . Consequences: Table 1: Open field setup Parameters MEANAÂ ±SD P VALVUE Control Study Group Peripheral ambulation 74.5AÂ ±15.9 92AÂ ±117 lt ; 0.05* Cardinal ambulation 13.8AÂ ±3.6 4.33AÂ ±1.86 lt ; 0.001** Rearing 44.17AÂ ±10.5 24.5AÂ ±7.61 lt ; 0.005** Preparing 31.5AÂ ±5.58 40AÂ ±9.05 lt ; 0.005** Immobilization 28.6AÂ ±5.82 40.6AÂ ±5.2 lt ; 0.004** Defecation 0.83AÂ ±0.41 1.83AÂ ±0.98 lt ; 0.05* Micturition 0.50AÂ ±0.55 2.17AÂ ±1.47 lt ; 0.03** *significant ** extremely important Fig-1: Consequence of emphasis on assorted Behavioral Parameters in unfastened filed setup Table 2: Elevated plus maize Parameter MEANAÂ ±SD P value Control Study Group Time spent in unfastened arm 38.3AÂ ±5.72 31.5AÂ ±3.89 lt ; 0.03** Number of Open arm entries 1.67AÂ ±0.52 0.83AÂ ±0.75 lt ; 0.05* Number of Closed arm entries 2.67AÂ ±1.03 1.5AÂ ±0.84 lt ; 0.05* Fig 2: Consequence of emphasis on assorted Behavioral Parameters in Elevated plus maize Discussion: Forced swimming has been used to arouse stress response in rats [ 13 ] . Psychological emphasis like pes daze, forced swim trial raises degrees of corticosterone in the rats [ 14 ] . Corticosterone- let go ofing endocrine is normally released during emphasis and might be a factor that suppressed nutrient appetency in the forced swimming emphasis. The importance of our survey is apparent that the nerve cells in the encephalon are exposed to pulsatile form of free corticosterone [ 15 ] . The forced swim trial is used as a theoretical account of stress depression in neurological surveies [ 16 ] . In emphasis linked neuropsychiatric upsets like recurrent depressive unwellness, there is grounds of structural alterations in the hippocampus, a encephalon part extensively studied with respect to emphasize [ 17 ] . The present informations indicate that forced swimming emphasis a period of 21 yearss, 6 hr decreased the whole organic structure weight and nutrient consumption and increased weig hts of liver, kidney and adrenal secretory organs and explorative behavior. This experiment indicate that 21 yearss of day-to-day emphasis is associated with impaired acquisition and public presentation of a spacial memory undertaking, the behavioral theoretical accounts suggest that the hippocampal wasting nowadays after the emphasis [ 18 ] . The present findings suggest a possible function for endoge-nous opiates in behavioural rousing [ 19 ] . Immobility clip in the emphasis group was 6 hours/ twenty-four hours for 21 yearss significantly reduced the stationariness clip. These consequences indicate that the swimming emphasis caused a down province in the stressed group. Refering neurotransmitters in the hypothalamus part, 5- HIAA/5-HT ratio significantly decreased in the stressed group due to increased 5-HT degrees and decreased 5-HIAA degrees compared to the rats without FST, proposing that the lessening of the ratio perchance reflects the diminution of 5-HT metabolic activity d ue to swimming emphasis. These phenomena may be included in cardinal mechanisms of the development of depression. Forced swim emphasis causes to a important alteration ( P lt ; 0.05 ) on cognitive maps: Forced swim emphasis causes Peripheral Ambulation P lt ; 0.05, Central Ambulation P lt ; 0.001, Rearing P lt ; 0.005, Grooming P lt ; 0.005, repeated Immobilization P lt ; 0.004, Defecation P lt ; 0.05, Urination P lt ; 0.03, Time spent in unfastened arm P lt ; 0.03, No. of unfastened arm entries P lt ; 0.05 and No. of closed arm entries P lt ; 0.05 and factor damaging the hippocampus causes produce wasting of dendrites of pyramidic nerve cells and neuro endocrinological perturbations, controlled by the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis ( HPA ) . Repeated emphasis in the signifier of forced swimming activates the free extremist procedures taking to an addition in lipid peroxidation in many tissues [ 20 ] . Decision: This survey reveals the consequence of repeated forced swim emphasis causes broad scope of adaptative alterations in the cardinal nervous system including the lift of 5-hydroxytryptamine ( 5-HT ) metamorphosis and an increased susceptibleness to affectional upsets. The earlier findings have reported that chronic and acute emphasis processs weaken working memory maps in rats. There are really few surveies on bomber ague forced swim emphasis on working memory position of the animate being. The survey was undertaken to measure the assorted behavioural alterations by using sub ague forced swim. How to cite Effect Of Forced Swim Stress Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

International Human Resource Management Study of Toyota Australia

Question: Discuss about the International Human Resource Management of Toyota Australia. Answer: Introduction Human resource management is an extremely important part of an organisation. The human resource management is the basic mainstay of an organisation which helps the organisation to lay the foundation by providing the basic support of managing labor force and effective allocation of them effectively in the business. It is important for an organisation to have a strong human resource management as it develops the commitment of the employees and constantly contributes to the improved motivation of employees. Especially in the international business environment HR plays a crucial role in developing a strong relationship between the employees and the organisation. This clearly gives rise to two different aspects employment relations and human resource management. In the international business setting it is extremely important to understand the key HR issues and employment relations which would help an organisation to make sure overseas operations is not hindered. It often becomes tough to for HR managers to do their work when they are relocated from one place to the other especially when he or she is moved from the domestic market to the overseas market (Klarsfeld et al., 2014). In the present study the key aspects of employment relations and HRM issues will be discussed with reference to Toyotas expansion in USA. With the recent change in the Presidency in USA there have been significant changes in the operation of the Auto industry and the present study will discuss the practice of employment relations and HRM under such circumstances that to achieve the objectives of the study HRM and Employment Relations In the wake of globalisation there has been significant increase in the international expansion of businesses. It could be said that globalisation has reduced barriers and increased competition in the business market which has impelled many companies to change their international strategy for effective business expansion. The employment relations is a part of the industrial relations which is considered as an extremely important aspect by the manager as it helps them to have an effective relationship between the employees of the organisation. On the other hand Human resource management focuses on the overall management of the workforce as well as the key aspects of managing that workforce to a good effect for the overall management of the labor force. The aspect of globalisation and international trade has put huge stress on the organisational policies and regulations of a company and due to the increased competition in the market (Godard, 2014). It becomes extremely important for the organisations to make sure that they have standardised organisational policies which would be effective in managing the overseas business effectively. Toyotas Altona Manufacturing plant is being moved from Australia to the US as the US market is much more open to car manufacturing and automobile and this is likely to help the organisation to improve its business in USA. In order to operate effectively in the market it becomes extremely important for Toyota Australia to send HR Manager to the US operations which would help the organisation to make sure that the operations is understood properly and there is a strong connection between Australia and US operations (Van De Voorde, Paauwe Van Veldhoven, 2012). To be able to operate effectively in the US operations this expatriate Australian HR manager put into operations in the United States will have to understand how employment relations is managed in the country and the different key HR issues wh ich could affect the business operations in US Car manufacturing plant. In order to get a fair bit of idea it is also important for the HR manager to understand the basic difference between the Australian car manufacturing Industry and US car manufacturing industry and this will largely help to improve the HR practice and employment relations for the HR (Stahl, Bjrkman Morris, 2012). Australian and USA Car Industry: A Comparison The Australian car industry has had to suffer significant jolt as most of the car manufacturing organisations have closed down their operations in the market. Ford, Holden, Mitsubishi all have closed down their operations which is definitely taking Australian car manufacturing industry to the point of extinction. It could be said that most of these organisations have chosen to leave Australia which has made the car industry of Australia to lose significant market share. The Australian market is likely to go shed number of job cuts which is going to affect the economy more than ever. With Holden, Ford, Toyota, Mitsubishi leaving the Australian market the local made cars are likely to end and it will only be imported cars in the Australian market. This was not something surprising which is happening in Australia as it was something imminent with the kind of trade barriers, increased tariffs, impact of the high rate of the Australian dollars, free trade agreements all have contributed to this huge problem in the country (Storey, 2014). The car manufacturing industry in Australia is waiting to wrap up after Holden and Toyota complete their manufacturing targets which will call it a day for the Australian car industry. It was clearly a political turmoil that led to the exit of companies like Ford and Holden from then Australian market. Even though Toyota wanted to stay its fate was looming since no other organisation was willing to operate in the market due to the huge financial loss that they were going to suffer. In this scenario it becomes extremely tough for the HR manager to operate smoothly and keep proper employee relations as the future of the car manufacturing industry was almost dead in the country. Hence it could be said that the literal jeopardy of the Australian car industry has happened due to the political and economic changes in the country that these companies werent able to handle (OSullivan Turner, 2013). The US market has always been effective for the car manufacturing industry as most of the organisations have found strong points to operate in the country. Effective labor force, viable supply chain and easy accessibility to the market has always been key factors which has encouraged companies to operate in the United States, but it is important to mention that the recent political changes happening in the country is definitely going to affect the business of these organisations and is also likely to affect the employment relations of the organisations like if not foreseen or assessed effectively. The new president of the US Donald Trump threatened Toyota to focus on building plants in US to sale cars in US or else the company is likely to be thrashed with big border tax and this clearly started the action where the company stated that it will not harm the employment of US and the incident was before the American election took place (Marler, 2012). Hence it could be understood that after the political changes in the country companies like Toyota will have significant issues to operate by themselves without the intervention of the government which likely to seems to be tough. The small car manufacturing plants are likely to be developed by the organisations but are going to be tough to fetch profits. This clearly indicates that Auto Worker Unions will gain publicity and this will create importance for the HR manager. With President Trump coming at the helm of affairs employments relations becomes extremely tough as a strict nationalist the president focuses on overall welfare of the country rather than economic welfare. Companies like Ford and General Motors and even Toyota have been thrashed for their foreign business policies in the country. Trump emphasises more on more local job creations and employee welfare which could be a problem for Toyota to operate in the country. Ford was recently barred by Trump to open a new plant in Mexico and was rather advised to stay in the country and create 700 local jobs and this clearly shows the intention of Trump as the president of the States. It could be said Trumps strict decisions on Employment relations like basic wage rate and creating new jobs in US have affected the long term planning of the car makers and Toyota will definitely be affected with an expatriate Manager in the plant. Presidents decisions to tax foreign businesses of the car makers will take huge toll on the business of Toyota as it will have to focus more on the local market especially in terms of labor force hiring and this might hinder the productivity of the organisation (Pethokoukis, 2016). It is important to say that with the change in ministry in USA the HR becomes extremely important. There would be significant impact on the HR of the different organisations especially on the car manufacturing companies that work with expatriates like Toyota, Holden, Tata et cetera (Thite, Wilkinson Shah 2012). It could be said that since Toyota is a Japanese firm it will tend to get the Japanese people to handle the operations. In this case since Toyota Australia is setting up the plant in US the expatriate from Australia will have to be focused on having the right HR strategy working for the country or else the strict conditions in the US will definitely affect the overall operations of the company. Achieving organisational excellence has become extremely tough for Toyota in case the HR of the US plant is not able to handle the workforce effectively. HR in the new business environment of United States should not only focus on staffing, compensation or grievance management but HR should focus on analysing and monitoring the overall labor market of the country and keep the staffing effective to the requirement of the organisation. The present political condition under Trump might apparently seem to be stable but it is not and Trump is excessively USA minded where the president has emphasised on providing jobs to the nationals and reduce the employment opportunities for the foreign people residing in USA (Pethokoukis, 2016). It could be said that the excessive nationalist pressure could tamper the way HR is practiced and hence it is important for the HR operating in Toyota US plant to understand the requirement of the organisation and accordingly doing the staffing for the organisation (Armstrong Taylor, 2014). Employment relations and HR Issues The US car Market is more competitive than ever. With the political intervention it has become highly focused on better and improved rules and regulations for the employees which affect the employers to a large extent. It could be said that the US car industry has number of key players in the market which makes the competition very strong in the market and hence it becomes extremely important for the HR of Toyota to focus on the best possible HR strategy which not only involves effective staffing and compensation but it should focus on employment relations and mitigating the common HR issues facing the car industry in USA (ALDamoe, Yazam Ahmid, 2012). The expatriate HR manager from Australia will have to learn the employment relations effectively which would help to make sure that the employees are content and willing to work for the organisation Toyota. There are number of key laws and regulations which govern the employment relationship in USA. The National Labor Relations Act 1935 which focuses on protecting the rights of the employees and employers as well and moreover improves the relationship between them. In this case the HR should focus on improving the communication effectively (Wilkinson et al., 2014). The communication with the employees will help the HR to make sure all the employee issues are understood and accordingly he or she could improve the working conditions for the employees. The Age discrimination Act and Equal Pay Act helps the HR to offer and recruit effectively which improves the overall employees relations. It could be said that for the Australian HR it is important to understand the work environment of the country which would largely help to strategise the HR movement (Bacon et. al., 2013). One of the crucial aspects that the HR has to understand to keep the employee relations intact is immigration control. With Trump coming in USA the immigration laws have strengthened and hence it is important for the HR to make sure he or she doesnt recruit people who are not legally authorised to work in USA (Croucher et al., 2012). The conflict management is another key aspect that needs to be worked upon as an expatriate HR in Toyotas new plant in USA. Conflict could arise in business operations and hence as an HR it is important for the person to understand the employees and accordingly communicating with them to reduce conflict (Bennett Klug, 2012). One of the important aspects for the HR is to manage cross cultural employees at work and this is one of the key aspects in the HR management department which has to be handled effectively. USA is renowned for its mixed diversity and hence cross cultural management is one of the key HR issues that have to be managed with effective strategies (Vaiman Brewster, 2015). This could naturally involve communication and interaction sessions with professionals; professional vacations definitely improve cross cultural relations and hence help to improve the relationship between the workforce and the management. In international industrial relations it becomes extremely important to manage trade union tactics and for that the HR manager will have to be highly confident and knowledgeable about the global trade tactics which would allow the HR to make effective decisions for the organisation (Bann Sgobbi, 2016). In this case the Expatriate HR manager from the Australia will have to understand the different rules and policies which are important to manage business in the overseas market. As an expatriate HR manager it is important to make sure all the key aspects of business especially the political and social aspects are understood effectively. In US the conventional IR models are not practiced and hence the HRM issues of employee management needs to be ado pted (Bacon et al. 2013). Discrimination and Diversity has to be handled effectively which would help to make sure the productivity of the plant is effective. Another important aspect that needs to be supervised by the HR manager is to improve the retention process of the organisation. Retention is important for the organisation Toyota as it will help to improve the productivity of the organisation (Brewster Mayrhofer, 2012). Since the competition is extremely high in the car market of USA it is important for the organisation and the expatriate HR from Australia to have better communication and to implement suitable motivational models to improve the retention of the employees in the organisation. Another key HR issue which has to be kept in mind by the manager is to control health and safety of the employees and their training and development which would help to eliminate any kind of health issues of the employees as well as train the employees effectively to make sure they are able to give their best effort for the organisation and improve the overall productivity of the organisation (Janssens Steyart, 2012). In a highly competitive US market managing employees is important to sustain in the car manufacturing industry and hence for this the HR has to understand the market and the mindset of the local employees to implement the best possible strategy for the company. Conclusion The present study highlights number of key employment relations and HR issues which are extremely important for the expatriate manager of Toyota Melbourne in USA to understand. It is essential for the manager to understand the importance of cross cultural management, retention and productivity, discrimination and diversity that play a key role in the improvement of performance of the organisation Toyota (Productivity Commission, 2014). The Australian car manufacturing market is operating in its worst phase whereas the US market is very competitive in nature which makes it important for the HR to understand the US market and its political views against the car market which would help to practice HR management effectively for Toyotas new plant in US by the expatriate Australian HR Manager (Vlasic Boudette, 2017). Overall it could be said that the present study has been able to discuss the key aspects of employment relations and HR which has helped to cover up the objectives of the stu dy. References ALDamoe, F. M. A., Yazam, M., Ahmid, K. B. (2012). The mediating effect of HRM outcomes (employee retention) on the relationship between HRM practices and organizational performance.International Journal of Human Resource Studies,2(1), 75. Armstrong, M., Taylor, S. (2014).Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice. Kogan Page Publishers. Bacon, N., Wright, M., Ball, R., Meuleman, M. (2013). Private equity, HRM, and employment.The Academy of Management Perspectives,27(1), 7-21. Bann, M., Sgobbi, F. (2016). Family business characteristics and the approach to HRM in overseas ventures.Journal of Small Business Management,54(2), 640-658. Bennett, D., Klug, F. (2012). Logistics supplier integration in the automotive industry.International Journal of Operations Production Management,32(11), 1281-1305. Brewster, C., Mayrhofer, W. (Eds.). (2012).Handbook of research on comparative human resource management. Edward Elgar Publishing. Croucher, R., Wood, G., Brewster, C., Brookes, M. (2012). Employee turnover, HRM and institutional contexts.Economic and Industrial Democracy,33(4), 605-620. Godard, J. (2014). The psychologisation of employment relations?.Human Resource Management Journal,24(1), 1-18. Janssens, M., Steyaert, C. (2012). Towards an ethical research agenda for international HRM: The possibilities of a plural cosmopolitan framework.Journal of Business Ethics,111(1), 61-72. Klarsfeld, A., Booysen, L. A., Ng, E., Roper, I., Tatli, A. (Eds.). (2014).9.78 E+ 12: Country Perspectives on Diversity and Equal Treatment. Edward Elgar Publishing. Marler, J. H. (2012). Strategic human resource management in context: a historical and global perspective.The Academy of Management Perspectives,26(2), 6-11. OSullivan, M Turner, T (2013), Facilitators and inhibitors of collective action: a case study of a US-owned manufacturing plant, British Journal of Industrial Relations, vol. 51, no. 4, pp. 689-708. Pethokoukis, J (2016), Downsides of Trumps Carrier deal, Australian Financial Review, 3-4 December, p. 15. Productivity Commission. (2014). Australias automotive manufacturing industry. Stahl, G. K., Bjrkman, I., Morris, S. (Eds.). (2012).Handbook of research in international human resource management. Edward Elgar Publishing. Storey, J. (2014).New Perspectives on Human Resource Management (Routledge Revivals). Routledge. Thite, M., Wilkinson, A., Shah, D. (2012). Internationalization and HRM strategies across subsidiaries in multinational corporations from emerging economiesA conceptual framework.Journal of World Business,47(2), 251-258. Vaiman, V., Brewster, C. (2015). How far do cultural differences explain the differences between nations? Implications for HRM.The International Journal of Human Resource Management,26(2), 151-164. Van De Voorde, K., Paauwe, J., Van Veldhoven, M. (2012). Employee well?being and the HRMorganizational performance relationship: a review of quantitative studies.International Journal of Management Reviews,14(4), 391-407. Vlasic, B Boudette, N (2017), Carmakers react to Trump threats, Australian Financial Review, 11 January, p. 20. Wilkinson, A., Donaghey, J., Dundon, T., Freeman, R. B. (Eds.). (2014).Handbook of Research on Employee Voice: Elgar original reference. Edward Elgar Publishing.

The Scientific Revolution and Innovations free essay sample

This paper discusses in detail some of the main figures of the scientific revolution. In addition it shows some of the innovations that were made during this time. This paper gives an account of how the scientific revolution had an impact on the world. The author gives examples of some of the innovations that were made during this time period as well as the different people that played a major role during the revolution. Above the earth lay a series of crystalline spheres, one of which contained the moon, another the sun, and still others the planet and the stars?.Other key figures during this time period were Tycho Brahe, Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei. All of them used Copernicuss information to help develop their own theories. In addition to them, Isaac Newton played a key role to help pave the way for science. He used all the theories that his predecessors had come up with and pieced everything together. We will write a custom essay sample on The Scientific Revolution and Innovations or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This era also brought about philosophical changes as well as scientific changes. Francis Bacon introduced a new way for scientists to think. These men were the key figures in what is known as the Scientific Revolution.

Desayunar Conjugation in Spanish, Translation and Examples

Desayunar Conjugation in Spanish, Translation and Examples The Spanish verb  desayunar  means to eat breakfast. It is a regular -ar  verb like  necesitar  and ayudar. The tables below include the conjugations for  desayunar  in the present, past and future indicative, the present and past subjunctive, the imperative, and other verb forms. Using the Verb Desayunar The verb desayunar is formed with the prefix  des-,  which implies negation, like  the English prefix dis-, and the word ayunar,  which means to fast. Therefore,  desayunar is similar to the English word  breakfast,  which implies breaking the fast.   Other verbs like  desayunar  are  almorzar,  which means to eat lunch, and cenar, which means to eat dinner. Unlike in English, for these actions in Spanish there is no need to use the verb to eat, since the verbs themselves already mean to eat breakfast, lunch, or dinner.   You can use the verb  desayunar  whenever you would say to eat breakfast or have breakfast in English. It can be used to talk about when, where, or with whom you eat breakfast, as in  Me gusta desayunar temprano  (I like to eat breakfast early) or  Ella siempre desayuna con su madre  (She always eats breakfast with her mother), and it can be used to talk about what you eat for breakfast, as in  Tà º desayunas cereal  (You eat cereal for breakfast). Desayunar Present Indicative Yo desayuno I eat breakfast Yo desayuno antes de ir al trabajo. T desayunas You eat breakfast T desayunas huevos con pan. Usted/l/ella desayuna You/he/she eats breakfast Ella desayuna con su familia. Nosotros desayunamos We eat breakfast Nosotros desayunamos muy temprano. Vosotros desayunis You eat breakfast Vosotros desayunis en casa. Ustedes/ellos/ellas desayunan You/they eat breakfast Ellos desayunan cereal con leche. Desayunar Preterite  Indicative The two past tense forms in Spanish are the  preterite  and the  imperfect. Use the preterite when talking about actions that were completed in the past. Yo desayun I ate breakfast Yo desayun antes de ir al trabajo. T desayunaste You ate breakfast T desayunaste huevos con pan. Usted/l/ella desayun You/he/she ate breakfast Ella desayun con su familia. Nosotros desayunamos We ate breakfast Nosotros desayunamos muy temprano. Vosotros desayunasteis You ate breakfast Vosotros desayunasteis en casa. Ustedes/ellos/ellas desayunaron You/they ate breakfast Ellos desayunaron cereal con leche. Desayunar Imperfect  Indicative The imperfect tense can be translated to English as was eating breakfast or used to eat breakfast.  You should use it to talk about ongoing actions in the past. Yo desayunaba I used to eat breakfast Yo desayunaba antes de ir al trabajo. T desayunabas You used to eat breakfast T desayunabas huevos con pan. Usted/l/ella desayunaba You/he/she used to eat breakfast Ella desayunaba con su familia. Nosotros desayunbamos We used to eat breakfast Nosotros desayunbamos muy temprano. Vosotros desayunabais You used to eat breakfast Vosotros desayunabais en casa. Ustedes/ellos/ellas desayunaban You/they used to eat breakfast Ellos desayunaban cereal con leche. Desayunar Future  Indicative Yo desayunar I will eat breakfast Yo desayunar antes de ir al trabajo. T desayunars You will eat breakfast T desayunars huevos con pan. Usted/l/ella desayunar You/he/she will eat breakfast Ella desayunar con su familia. Nosotros desayunaremos We will eat breakfast Nosotros desayunaremos muy temprano. Vosotros desayunaris You will eat breakfast Vosotros desayunaris en casa. Ustedes/ellos/ellas desayunarn You/they will eat breakfast Ellos desayunarn cereal con leche. Desayunar Periphrastic Future Yo voy a desayunar I am going to eat breakfast Yo voy a desayunar antes de ir al trabajo. T vas a desayunar You are going to eat breakfast T vas a desayunar huevos con pan. Usted/l/ella va a desayunar You/he/she is going to eat breakfast Ella va a desayunar con su familia. Nosotros vamos a desayunar We are going to eat breakfast Nosotros vamos a desayunar muy temprano. Vosotros vais a desayunar You are going to eat breakfast Vosotros vais a desayunar en casa. Ustedes/ellos/ellas van a desayunar You/they are going to eat breakfast Ellos van a desayunar cereal con leche. Desayunar Conditional  Indicative Yo desayunara I would eat breakfast Yo desayunara antes de ir al trabajo. T desayunaras You would eat breakfast T desayunaras huevos con pan. Usted/l/ella desayunara You/he/she would eat breakfast Ella desayunara con su familia. Nosotros desayunaramos We would eat breakfast Nosotros desayunaramos muy temprano. Vosotros desayunarais You would eat breakfast Vosotros desayunarais en casa. Ustedes/ellos/ellas desayunaran You/they would eat breakfast Ellos desayunaran cereal con leche. Desayunar Present Progressive/Gerund Form The present  participle, or gerund  of  -ar  verbs is formed with the ending -ando. It can be used to form  progressive verb forms  such as the  present progressive. Present Progressive of  Desayunar   est desayunando  She is eating breakfast   Ella est desayunando con su familia. Desayunar Past Participle The  past participle of regular  -ar  verbs is formed with the ending -ado. It can be used to form  compound tenses  like the  present perfect. Present Perfect of  Desayunar   ha desayunado  She has eaten breakfast   Ella ha desayunado con su familia.   Desayunar Present Subjunctive Que yo desayune That I eat breakfast Ana espera que yo desayune antes de ir al trabajo. Que t desayunes That you eat breakfast Pedro espera que t desayunes huevos con pan. Que usted/l/ella desayune That you/he/she eat breakfast dgar espera que ella desayune con su familia. Que nosotros desayunemos That we eat breakfast Paula espera que nosotros desayunemos muy temprano. Que vosotros desayunis That you eat breakfast Daro espera que vosotros desayunis en casa. Que ustedes/ellos/ellas desayunen That you/they eat breakfast Marla espera que ellos desayunen cereal con leche. Desayunar Imperfect  Subjunctive The  imperfect subjunctive  has two different conjugations, which are used in different Spanish-speaking regions.  Both options are equally valid. Option 1 Que yo desayunara That I ate breakfast Ana esperaba que yo desayunara antes de ir al trabajo. Que t desayunaras That you ate breakfast Pedro esperaba que t desayunaras huevos con pan. Que usted/l/ella desayunara That you/he/she ate breakfast dgar esperaba que ella desayunara con su familia. Que nosotros desayunramos That we ate breakfast Paula esperaba que nosotros desayunramos muy temprano. Que vosotros desayunarais That you ate breakfast Daro esperaba que vosotros desayunarais en casa. Que ustedes/ellos/ellas desayunaran That you/they ate breakfast Marla esperaba que ellos desayunaran cereal con leche. Option 2 Que yo desayunase That I ate breakfast Ana esperaba que yo desayunase antes de ir al trabajo. Que t desayunases That you ate breakfast Pedro esperaba que t desayunases huevos con pan. Que usted/l/ella desayunase That you/he/she ate breakfast dgar esperaba que ella desayunase con su familia. Que nosotros desayunsemos That we ate breakfast Paula esperaba que nosotros desayunsemos muy temprano. Que vosotros desayunaseis That you ate breakfast Daro esperaba que vosotros desayunaseis en casa. Que ustedes/ellos/ellas desayunasen That you/they ate breakfast Marla esperaba que ellos desayunasen cereal con leche. Desayunar Imperative   In order to give direct orders or commands, you need the  imperative  mood. Below are both the affirmative and negative commands for desayunar. Notice that there are differences between the two types of commands for the  tà ºÃ‚  and  vosotros  forms. Positive Commands T desayuna Eat breakfast! Desayuna huevos con pan! Usted desayune Eat breakfast! Desayune con su familia! Nosotros desayunemos Lets eat breakfast! Desayunemos temprano! Vosotros desayunad Eat breakfast! Desayunad en casa! Ustedes desayunen Eat breakfast! Desayunen cereal con leche! Negative Commands T no desayunes Dont eat breakfast! No desayunes huevos con pan! Usted no desayune Dont eat breakfast! No desayune con su familia! Nosotros no desayunemos Lets not eat breakfast! No desayunemos temprano! Vosotros no desayunis Dont eat breakfast! No desayunis en casa! Ustedes no desayunen Dont eat breakfast! No desayunen cereal con leche!

The 1st Punic War

The 1st Punic War One of the problems with writing ancient history is that much of the data  just isnt available any longer. The evidence for early Roman history is notoriously problematic. Roman historians developed extensive narratives, preserved most fully for us in two histories written in the late ï ¬ rst century bc, by Livy and by Dionysius of Halicarnassus (the latter in Greek, and fully extant only for the period down to 443 bc). However, Roman historical writing only began in the late third century bc, and it is clear that the early accounts were greatly elaborated by later writers. For the period of the kings, most of what we are told is legend or imaginative reconstruction.Warfare and the Army in Early Rome,- A Companion to the Roman Army Eyewitnesses are in particularly short supply. Even second-hand accounts can be hard to come by, so its significant that in their A History of Rome, historians M. Cary and H.H. Scullard say that unlike earlier periods of Rome, the history of the period of the First Punic War comes from annalists who had contact with actual eye-witnesses. Rome and Carthage fought the Punic Wars during the span of years from 264 to 146 B.C. With both sides well-matched, the first two wars dragged on and on; eventual victory went, not to the winner of a decisive battle, but to the side with the greatest stamina. The Third Punic War was something else entirely. Carthage and Rome In 509 B.C. Carthage and Rome signed a friendship treaty. In 306, by which time the Romans had conquered almost the entire Italian peninsula, the two powers reciprocally recognized a Roman sphere of influence over Italy and a Carthaginian one over Sicily. But Italy was determined to secure dominance over all of Magna Graecia (the areas settled by Greeks in and around Italy), even if it meant interfering with the dominance of Carthage in Sicily. The First Punic Wars Begin Turmoil in Messana, Sicily, provided the opportunity the Romans were looking for. Mamertine mercenaries controlled Messana, so when Hiero, tyrant of Syracuse, attacked the Mamertines, the Mamertines asked the Phoenicians for help. They obliged and sent in a Carthaginian garrison. Then, having second thoughts about the Carthaginian military presence, the Mamertines turned to the Romans for help. The Romans sent in an expeditionary force, small, but sufficient to send the Phoenician garrison back to Carthage. Carthage responded by sending in a larger force, to which the Romans responded with a full consular army. In 262 B.C. Rome won many small victories, giving it control over almost the entire island. But the Romans needed control of the sea for final victory and Carthage was a naval power. The First Punic War  Concludes With both sides balanced, the war between Rome and Carthage continued for 20 more years until the war-weary Phoenicians just gave up in 241. According to J.F. Lazenby, author of The First Punic War, To Rome, wars ended when the Republic dictated its terms to a defeated enemy; to Carthage, wars ended with a negotiated settlement. At the end of the First Punic War, Rome won a new province, Sicily, and began to look further. (This made the Romans empire builders.) Carthage, on the other hand, had to compensate Rome for its heavy losses. Although the tribute was steep, it didnt keep Carthage from continuing as a world-class trading power. Source Frank Smitha The Rise of Rome

Export Final Project - Malaysian fashion retailer wishing to expand Term Paper - 1

Export Final Project - Malaysian fashion retailer wishing to expand its business into the African Market - Term Paper Example In this presentation, international, export fashion competitors to Africa have been analyzed. The top twenty economies in Africa, representing the African market, have been analyzed. The presentation also provides ways in which international, financial and business risks can be managed, and defines the relevant criteria for exporting fashion products to the African market, where the market opportunities/business opportunities are of interest and risks may be acceptable. International Competitors The major, international competitors in fashion product’ export to Africa includes Guangzhou City Clothing Business Company Limited, Qingdao Shuoyuan International Trade Company Limited and Shenzhen USD Pack Production Limited. Brogan Sakutu International LLC also competes in exporting fashion products to African Countries. Guangzhou City Clothing Business Company Limited and Shenzhen USD Pack Production Limited are located in Guangdong, China while Qingdao Shuoyuan International Trade Company Limited is located in Shandong, China. Brogan Sakutu International LLC is situated in Florida, United States. Turnover Qingdao Shuoyuan International Trade Company Limited has a turnover of US$ 50-100 Million while Guangzhou City Clothing Business Company Limited has a turnover of US$100 Million. ... Guangzhou City Clothing Business Company Limited’s primary markets are North, Central and South America, Middle East and Africa. (Guangzhou City Clothing Business Co. Limited). The main markets of Shenzhen USD Pack Production are Limited Northern Europe, Eastern Asia, Central America and Africa (Shenzhen USD Pack Production Limited). South East Asia, Europe, America and Africa are the primary markets of Brogan Sakutu International LLC (Brogan Sakuti International LLC). Product Range The product range for Qingdao Shuoyuan International Trade Company Limited includes used clothing, used clothes, used bags and used shoes while Guangzhou City Clothing Business Company Limited markets used shoes, used clothing and used clothes, among other commodities. Shenzhen USD Pack Production Limited deals with wooden boxes, jewelry bags and jute bags. Brogan Sakutu International LLC sells used clothes, used shoes, used purses, belts and toys. Strengths and Weaknesses These companies have vari ous strengths and weaknesses. For instance, Qingdao Shuoyuan International Trade Company Limited uses agents in exporting fashion products to Africa. It uses its no torn, no dirt slogan to offer the best quality to customers. It also sorts, packs and loads clothing promptly to ensure efficiency. In addition, the company helps buyers from Africa to find other goods like computers and bicycles. Shuoyuan International Trade Company Limited has a superior geographical advantage because it is located near Qingdao Port, facilitating import and export procedures. The company has cooperative relationships with the international business community. However, the

Texas Health Resources Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Texas Health Resources - Essay Example THR's goal of exceptional performance will have to be accomplished with cost savings, growth, and stakeholder value that may be in tension with quality and patient outcomes. This paper will examine the culture of THR, its contribution to the future success of THR, the present status of the strategic plan, and the future opportunities and obstacles facing THR. One of the primary assets that THR has as an industry leader is its mature and highly focused culture. The culture at THR is primarily based on the three pillars of being a faith-based organization, customer centered care, and the strength of its commitment to physician engagement. THR believes strongly that culture is the 'key driver to THR's competitive advantage" (Texas Health Resources 1, 20). Being a faith based health organization has several cultural aspects that define THR. Faith based, and primarily Christian, organizations have a long historical record of quality health care within the United States. In addition, they have traditionally shared "a passionate commitment to improving the quality of life of vulnerable populations" (MJ DeHaven et al. 1034). This aspect has created an attitude of patient oriented care to those that are most needy with less regard for a profit motive than for patient outcome. Faith based is also regarded as a system that places a high value on li fe and the positive aspects of spirituality in healing. These faith-based traditions are deeply engrained in THR's culture and THR is committed to maintaining these aspects as they move forward during the next 10 years. Bolstering the faith-based culture of THR is the long-term goal of its commitment to patient value and its dedication to working with physicians who have a good cultural fit. THR expresses this aspect of their culture as the Promise and the Value. The Promise is the pillar of their culture that emphasizes the importance of the individual "which can be easily lost in a larger organization" (Texas Health Resources 1, 6). Value relates to delivering the highest level of outcome, safety, and service in accordance with the cost of care. In addition, THR has made a formal commitment to creating physician and hospital relationships that will forge a physician partnership "in leading and managing key aspects of the THR 10-Year Strategic Focus and Transformational Themes" (Texas Health Resources 1, 23). Together, the faith based foundation, the promise to the individual, the concept of greatest value, and the physician partnership form the core concepts of THR's culture. While a great degree of THR's culture is in place and simply needs reinforced, the goal of integrating physicians as active managing partners will be a progressive process. Initially, physicians will be engaged based on a strategy of mutual benefit. Of course, while much of this benefit will be economic in nature, the long-term strategy also has some intangible benefits for the physician. The 10-year transformational plan calls for physicians that have a proud association with THR's brand, advanced clinical outcomes, as well as "tangible economic, clinical, and operational performance" (Texas Health Resources 1, 24). In addition, new employees are oriented into the strong culture of THR by highlighting their strategic statement which promises "to deliver outstanding value

A research on the effects of birth order on personality family and society Essay Example for Free

A research on the effects of birth order on personality family and society Essay How Does Birth Order Affect Personality, Family, and Society? Introduction This research project will investigate birth order and how it directly affects one’s personality. This project explains why individuals behave differently within the family. According to the systems theory, families adapt in response to changes in internal and external needs and circumstances, including the development of individual family members (ncbi.nlm.nih.gov). For primary research, opinions from different hierarchical perspectives will be provided through a survey. Depending on ones position in the sibling hierarchy, personalities differ because different stages carry different roles and responsibilities. This research project will look at how each stage affects personality. Method For the primary research, a total of fifteen questions were asked to 6 people. Each of the interviewees was of different levels in the sibling hierarchy, i.e. first born, last born, the middle child, only child, and twins. In between each question, the subjects would have time to properly think about their next answer, this way results would be accurate and as substantial as possible. The first interview was conducted with a set of 20-year-old twins, this interview was the most interesting and had the most answers. The next subject was a 13-year-old girl who is the only child of her family, the interview lasted seven minutes. The third interview was conducted with a 17-year-old girl, a 14-year-old girl and an 11-year-old boy, they were all siblings and would represent each part of the sibling hierarchy. Topics about the personality and how it affects relationship within the home and outside of the home were discussed. The topics covered were: personality traits and parent-child relationships. Results All of the subjects were teenagers specifically because they would be experiencing the effects of their birth order currently as they are still at home with parents. One hundred percent of the interviewed subjects identified with, and agreed upon the following characteristics and stereotypes: First Borns: High achievers Perfectionists Obsessive Responsible Controlling Middle Children: Very Social Generous Diplomatic Mediators Values friendships and relationships Somewhat rebellious Last Borns: Attention seekers Outgoing Selfish Creative Humourous Discussion This study is supported by Alfred Adlers theory of personality development. Alder was influenced and inspired by Charles Darwin’s study of genetic evolution and adaptation. Darwin’s phenomena can help explain why children tend to differentiate their personalities and carry out tasks uniquely based on their own individual approach to life in order to reduce competition and conflict. Children influence most of the relations that happen within the family, they decide for themselves the role they will play in the family, parents only help reinforce those choices (Schafer, 2015). Some might deem themselves as the â€Å"responsible one†, the â€Å"goody-two-shoes†, the â€Å"smarty pants†, the athlete, the persevering etc†¦ Alder, who is a world-renowned psychologist would suggest that children be raised or treated individually; meaning as the unique individuals that they are. The primary socialization in a child’s life is determined by the fa mily. The family helps you gain a sense of who you are (Holloway, 107). If a child is not raised individually, with each of their stereotyped personality traits taken into consideration, it could result in a low self-esteem, conflict and possibly distance within the family. The Theory of Ego development, founded by Jane Loevinger discusses how ego is developed in three stages (Holloway, 105). The second stage of this theory talks about people understanding and accepting their individual differences and through that, distinguishing variations in feelings and emotions that make people unique (Holloway, 105). Most parents might not understand the psychology that is behind a child’s position in the family, which is why many children especially the middle child, might complain of lessened love and misunderstanding. A parent should feel responsible for the well-being of their child, but many of them overlook the importance of understanding the essence of birth order. 2 out of 5 interviewees described their relationship with their parents as normal without any real problems. The other 3 however, agreed upon the fact that their parents do not understand them and in fact treat their siblings and them the same and bringing them up as â€Å"one person†; saying things like â€Å"Be like sibling A†, â€Å"Sibling A gets very high grades, why is it different with you?†. It is a challenge for parents to understand their children and treat them based on their different characters and psyche, which is why most parents don’t even bother. Feelings of neglect and unimportance may arise within certain children when they compare their relationships with their parents to that of their siblings. Sibling relationships are one of the most significant relationships people experience through life. They help define our early social and cognitive skills. The emotional connection and protection that comes from a sibling bond is a great life satisfaction that helps reduce levels of depression. They can teach us about conflict resolution, managing social tensions, conduct friendships and handle ourselves in group situations (http://internationalschoolparent.com/). Gender also has a role to play in birth order positions. In the case of the first-born child, oldest males are more of leaders as they tend to take charge. Oldest daughters, on the other side of the spectrum, are more aggressive and confident, sometimes bossy. Middleborns are the Type O blood of relationships: They go with anyone, (Schipani, 2010). Middle children tend to be good at making compromises as they would have bossy older siblings and needy younger siblings. The youngest child of the family is usually treasured an d in many cases treated as babies for much longer than their older siblings. The youngest siblings of the family also tend to stray away from taking charge and might be seen as the shy and quiet sheep of the family. The only children of the family are usually stereotyped to be precious and would be pampered as they have all the attention on them; parents would not have to split attention and in worse cases love between siblings because there is only one child. Many say that only children are more mature for their age because of the amount of time they spend with their parents. My research showed that the 13-year-old girl interviewed who is the only child of the family, considered herself more socially aware than her peers and is very much accustomed to and satisfied with her own company. Symbolic interactionism examples that a child’s self-esteem is determined by the parent’s appraisal of the child’s worth, this occurs during the parent-child interaction. It assumes that supportive parental behavior like nurturance, approval, and love all determine a childs inherent worth (Adkins, 2003). The child will be able to confirm that his parents accept him for who he is and see him as a competent and worthwhile person. The more the parent interact with a child using positive sentiments, the child will positively act upon not just her immediate family but the environment around her. The theory states that if parent-child relationships are spread across equally amongst all children, all the children within the family will have an equal self-esteem.    Conclusion As proven by Alfred Adlers theory, birth order does have an effect on one’s personality. As well as individualistically, a child’s position in the family can reflect on his immediate family, meaning sibling and parent relationships as well as how they relate to the outside world. If parents dont learn to properly care for their children individualistically, conflict and feelings of incompetence could arise within the family. Citations Adkins, K. L. (2003, May). Predicting Self-Esteem Based on Perceived Parental Favoritism and Birth Order. In Tennessee State University Graduate Studies. Retrieved from http://dc.etsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1907context=etd Schafer, A. (2015, May 5). Birth Order Theory. In HUFF POST PARENTS CANADA. Retrieved from http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2015/05/05/birth-order-theory_n_7214638.html Schipani, D. (2010, May 28). How Does Birth Order Affect Relationships? In Womens Day. Retrieved from http://www.womansday.com/relationships/dating-marriage/advice/a1611/how-does-birth-order-affect-relationships-107592/ White, James Martin., and Margaret Holloway. Families in Canada: Social Contexts, Continuities, And Changes. Toronto: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2005. Print. Whiteman SD, McHale SM, Soli A. Theoretical perspectives on sibling relationships. J Fam Theory Rev. 2011;3:124–139. What Does Birth Order Say About You (n.d.). In International School Parent. Retrieved from http://internationalschoolparent.com/family-constellations-what-if-anything-does-birth-order-say-about-you/

Affirmitive Action in California :: essays research papers

Affirmative Action in California   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Affirmative action has been the subject of increasing debate and tension in our society. Affirmative action has divided political parties, communities and campuses across the nation. The basis behind affirmative action is that because of past discrimination and oppression, such as the unequal treatment of women, and the enslavement of African Americans, minorities and women have difficulty competing with their white male counterparts. Tax breaks for home buyers may not be wrong but what is wrong are those who take advantage of all kinds of breaks for themselves while denying affirmative action for the most oppressed of society. The government runs many programs to increase opportunities for various groups including women, racial and ethnic minority groups. Affirmative action is necessary to ensure the recruitment and employment of women, minorities, people with disabilities, and Vietnam veterans. Affirmative action is a term, which refers to a variety of efforts u sed by employers and educational institutions to overcome past and continuing discrimination in order to allow qualified women and minorities to compete equally for jobs, education, and promotional opportunities.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When talking about affirmative action, there is a common misconception between meeting quota and satisfying goals. A quota is a number that must be achieved. Consequently, if a company fails to show it has made an effort toward following this quota the company can be fined. This is every different from an affirmative action goal. A goal is a flexible percentage, which is established by the company to achieve a diverse workforce. The percentage is based on the availability of minorities and females in the area. One of the goals is to make sure that many people are made aware of job openings as possible to ensure that the applicant pool is reflective of the number of people, who are qualified. To accomplish this, employers place advertisements in different types of journals, including journals for women and minorities. Goals and timetables encourage the hiring of members of women and minority groups. Before affirmative action, companies did not post their jobs on bu lletin boards. Somebody just happened to know someone who needed a job and the job was filled. That person was not always the best-qualified person for the job. How can a company possibly tell if it is hiring the best people if they only consider a small portion of the population? One cannot assume that all the white males out there are naturally qualified and all the minorities and women are given breaks because they could not possibly be qualified.

Savage Beast

Importance of a good Elevator Pitch – While persistence and ingenuity were also important factors in getting Savage Beast's initial investment, the investor decided to invest after only ten minutes. This implies that Savage Beast had a strong elevator pitch that was both informative enough and interesting enough to hook an investor. 2. Defined roles – When everybody know what their role in the company entails, it akes for a well-oiled machine.When everybody has a Job to do and everybody is open and understanding of the Job decisions get made that are in the best interests of the company. 3. Sustainable plans – There are a lot of good ideas, but in order to be a successful company these ideas have to have long term footing. Without growth, the company will fail. For instance, if there is a music tool with a small music library, no one will invest. 4. Corporate decisions – It is important for everyone in upper management to be on the same page and to agree o n company decisions.When the ounders of a company are not in agreement the entire company suffers. In this case, I think one of them leaving was a good decision. 5. Redirection – Taking a step back and reassessing goals and options can be a huge turn around for a struggling company. There is no shame in stopping one failing strategy as long as the new strategy has purpose and direction. Section C – Discussion Questions 1 . Where exactly did Savage Beast go wrong? There was timing issues (the dot com crash), unsustainable goals, and corporate dissonance, but which were causes and which were effects?

Ben and Jerry’s is still committed

It has come to our attention that you have noticed an inadequate amount of cookie and chocolate in one of our products that you have purchased. I would just like to inform you that we put hard work and long hours in making our products have the best quality. However, during the production process, there are times that the chunking equipment for nuts, chocolates and cookies would be inconsistent resulting to uneven ratios of ingredients put in the ice creams.In line with this, we will be forwarding your concern to the production department so that we can continue to satisfy the needs and wants of our customers and prevent these things from happening again. To compensate your dissatisfaction, we would gladly refund the cost of the one pint of ice cream that you have bought. We will be sending you a check via mail as soon as possible. You would most likely receive the payment within two weeks. Meanwhile, regarding your query about our dairy operations in Nevada, the management decided t o set up there in order to supply our products to ice cream eaters residing on the West Coast.Through this, we would be saving energy and money because there will be no more need to transport milk from coast to coast. Also, this is our way of helping the environment because this will help in reducing carbon emissions caused by gas-powered vehicles. Despite this strategic move, we still want to assure you that Ben and Jerry’s is still committed in practicing our rural values and displaying our Vermont roots through our products. On another note, we are happy to hear that you support our stand against the use of milk from cloned cows.More so, we appreciate that most of our customers express their viewpoints on critical issues such as this one where our food and health are at stake. We, at Ben Jerry’s, really do appreciate your inquiry regarding these matters. I hope that you will still continue to patronize our products because we will never cease to put our best in maki ng Ben and Jerry’s the ice cream brand that you can trust and enjoy! Sincerely, Alice Blachly Customer Affairs Coordinator/

Study Guide for Man and Superman

Study Guide for Man and Superman Arguably George Bernard Shaw’s most profound play, Man and Superman, blends social satire with a fascinating philosophy. Today, the comedy continues to make readers and audiences laugh and think - sometimes simultaneously. Man and Superman tells the story of two rivals: John Tanner (a wealthy, politically-minded intellectual who values his freedom) and Ann Whitefield (a charming, scheming hypocritical young woman who wants Tanner as a husband). Once Tanner realizes that Miss Whitefield is hunting for a spouse (and that he is the only target), he attempts to flee, only to find out that his attraction to Ann is too overwhelming to escape. Re-inventing Don Juan Although many of Shaw’s plays were financial successes, not all of the critics admired his work. While many reviewers were intrigued by Shaw’s ideas, they did not appreciate his lengthy scenes of dialogue with little-to-no conflict. One such critic, Arthur Bingham Walkley once said that Shaw is â€Å"no dramatist at all.† In the late 1800s, Walkley suggested that Shaw should write a Don Juan play. Beginning in 1901, Shaw accepted the challenge; in fact, he wrote an extensive albeit sarcastic dedication to Walkley, thanking him for the inspiration. In the preface of Man and Superman, Shaw discusses the way Don Juan has been portrayed in other works, such as Mozart’s opera or Lord Byron’s poetry. Traditionally, Don Juan is a pursuer of women, an adulterer, and an unrepentant scoundrel. At the end of Mozart’s Don Giovanni, Don Juan is dragged to Hell, leaving Shaw to wonder: What happened to Don Juan’s soul? Man and Superman provides an answer to that question. The spirit of Don Juan lives on in the form of Juan’s distant-descendant John Tanner. Instead of a pursuer of women, Tanner is a pursuer of truth. Instead of an adulterer, Tanner is a revolutionary. Instead of a scoundrel, Tanner defies social norms and old-fashioned traditions in hopes of leading the way to a better world. Yet, the theme of seduction - typical in all incarnations of Don Juan stories - is still present. Through each act of the play, the female lead, Ann Whitefield, aggressively pursues her prey. Below is a brief summary of the play. Man and Superman - Act One Ann Whitefield’s father has passed away. Mr. Whitefield’s will indicate that his daughter’s guardians shall be two gentlemen: Roebuck Ramsden: The steadfast (and rather old-fashioned) friend of the family.John Tanner: A controversial author and â€Å"Member of the Idle Rich Class† The problem: Ramsden cannot stand Tanner’s morals, and Tanner cannot stand the idea of being Ann’s guardian. To complicate things, Tanner’s friend Octavius â€Å"Tavy† Robinson is head over heels in love with An. He hopes that the new guardianship will improve his chances of winning her heart. Ann flirts harmlessly whenever she is around Tavy. However, when she is alone with John Tanner (AKA â€Å"Jack†) her intentions become obvious to the audience. She wants Tanner. Whether she wants him because she loves him, or because she is infatuated with him, or merely because desires his wealth and status is entirely up to the viewer’s opinion. When Tavy’s sister Violet enters, a romantic subplot is introduced. Rumor has it that Violet is pregnant and unmarried. Ramsden and Octavius are outraged and ashamed. Tanner congratulates Violet. He believes that she is simply following life’s natural impulses, and he approves the instinctive way Violet has pursued her goals despite society’s expectations. Violet can tolerate the moral objections of her friends and family. She cannot, however, abide Tanner’s praise. She admits that she is legally married, but that the identity of her groom must remain secret. Act One of Man and Superman concludes with Ramsden and the others apologizing. Jack Tanner is disappointed; he wrongly thought that Violet has shared his moral/philosophical outlook. Instead, realizes the bulk of society is not ready to challenge traditional institutions such as marriage. The Last Line of Act One Tanner: You must cower before the wedding ring like the rest of us, Ramsden. The cup of our ignominy is full.

7 Reasons to Become an Occupational Therapy Assistant

7 Reasons to Become an Occupational Therapy Assistant You might be familiar with what an occupational therapist does, but you might not be aware of what an occupational therapy assistant does- or even that such a position exists. But this crucial role does exist and open positions are actually on the rise across the country. It’s one of the most in-demand jobs out there in the health care field. If you still need convincing, here are a few of the many great reasons to become a certified occupational therapy assistant (COTA).1. Increasing Quality of LifeMost people don’t value their ability to do the normal day-to-day functions; they just do them. Occupational therapy assistants help patients who have been injured, disabled, or otherwise lost function through age or disease. And when their patients are able to perform even the most basic functions- which contribute so much to quality of life- it is a major victory. Their contributions are enormous in people’s lives and help them rebuild confidence and meaning in thei r lives.2. Working with the Whole PersonPlenty of health care professionals don’t have the kind of quality time to deal with their patients as people. COTAs, on the other hand, have a special patient-provider relationship that deepens and develops over time. They get to watch their patients do something today that they couldn’t do yesterday, and keep helping them to better their daily lives.3. Working with AnyoneCOTAs are not restricted to working only with one age group. They’re able to work with pediatrics, geriatrics, and everything in between. For sheer diversity of clients, this job cannot be beat.4. Responsibility and OversightA lot of jobs give you tons of responsibility, but very little oversight. COTAs work closely with OTs, which means they almost always have help, while still directing much of their own one-on-one work with their patients.5. Creative PotentialAn OTA never finds their job dull. It requires a great deal of creative thinking and guarante es that no two days will be the same. There are even a wide range of toys and smartphone apps to help both patient and provider.6. High DemandOTAs are in high demand. Nearly 80% of OTAs find a job within six months of graduating from a program. You can usually find work with just an associate’s degree, and salaries are on the rise.7. Low StressNot only is there great job security in this field, with COTA roles growing faster than the national average, the day-to-day work remains rather low-stress in comparison with other health care jobs. And is overwhelmingly rewarding.

Jury Deliberation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Jury Deliberation - Essay Example "Research" in this instance could be wide and varied in meaning as there are other extrapolating questions with regards to jury deliberation itself. Are questions limited to the AC 1118 (protection of free debate in the jury room) only Are there other contradicting details about the jury process which the public must know and that should be properly acted upon Does "research" apply to the outsiders, or the jurors themselves As Section 8(1) of the Contempt of Court Act 1981 provides: "(1) Subject to subsection (2) below, it is a contempt of court to obtain, disclose or solicit any particulars of statements made, opinions expressed, arguments advanced or votes cast by members of a jury in the course of their deliberations in any legal proceedings," making votes, discussions and other related issues on jury deliberations sacrosanct before the law. In this instance, it is against the law that jurors themselves impart any information or knowledge with regards to the case at hand, so that they are to live life like the case does not exist at all. And this is to allow implementation of AC 1118, of which may be interpreted as to protect the jurors, or the court decision, and the public in general. Court cases that have touched on the issue of "protection of free debate in the jury room" include Regina v. ... ion why or how come that in those cases where the court was informed of some misconduct on the part of jurors, steps were not done to rectify what has gone wrong (UKP, 2006). In the R v Mirza (2004) case, AC 1118 was also indicated of important clause as an important feature of the jury's work protecting "individual jurors from exposure to pressure to explain the reasons which had actuated them individually to arrive at their verdict," (House of Lords, 2005). Likewise, R v Young Stephen (Bar Council, 2006) has also been mentioned as one of the most notorious case. Incidentally, it was emphasized in a report that section 8 of the Contempt of Court Act 1981 on disclosing or obtaining information relating to jury room deliberations were addressed to third parties (Procter, 2006) in the discussion mentioned. One example of this contradictory deliberation was the case "Her Majesty's Attorney General (Respondent) v. Scotcher (Appellant) (Criminal Appeal from Her Majesty's High Court of Justice) of which one Keith Scotcher has been charged of contempt of court. In the deliberation, it was established that appellant Scotcher was summoned for jury service in January 2000 for a case against two brothers criminally charged. In February 20 of that same year, an anonymous letter was sent to the mother of the two defendants in the criminal case of which contents include among others: "Dear Mrs Anderson I was the one jury member who held out against the prosecution case at the trial of [A] and [B]. I would like you to seriously consider, as I'm sure you are already, talking to your counsels about appealing the convictions on the grounds of an unsafe conviction, miscarriage of justice, or whatever. [XXXX] When we first went out the voting was close XXXX. Many changed their vote